Digital filter realizations of a phase domain transmission line model for electromagnetic transient analysis

Phase-domain line models and, specifically, the Universal Line Model (ULM) are among the most used transmission line and cable representations in electromagnetic transient analysis. It is shown in this paper that these models involve two types of convolution processes; thus, their practical implementation can be done through digital filters. It is shown that the standard implementation of the ULM corresponds to a well-known filter realization: the parallel array of first order filters. Two additional model realizations are reported here that are based on parallel arrays of second order filters: one with canonical structures and the other with lattices. These three realizations are tested on an application example.