Enhancement of hybrid state estimation using pseudo flow measurements

Synchronized measurement technology (SMT) is rapidly deployed in power systems, finding applications in many functions of the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA). The incorporation of synchrophasors provided by the Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), in the state estimation process has great impact on the state estimator accuracy improvement. In this paper, the incorporation of synchronized measurements in the state estimator (along with the existing conventional measurements) is examined. As a result, a hybrid state estimator that incorporates pseudo power flow measurements is presented. The performance of the estimator is assessed and compared to the conventional state estimator as well as to other hybrid state estimators proposed in the literature.