Notice of RetractionCross-border venture capital syndication: Motivation, structure, and performance

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

The engagement of new ventures in simultaneous cross-border venture capital with different partners has become a ubiquitous phenomenon in today´s international business landscape. This paper reviews and synthesizes the extant cross-border venture capital syndication literature and organizes it around three key research areas: (a) the motivation and decision of cross-border venture capital syndication;(b) the structure and dynamics of cross-border venture capital syndication;(c) the performance and outcomes of cross-border venture capital syndication. The article also highlights existing gaps in the present literatures are that understanding of how cross-border venture capital syndicate and how to measure the performance of that.