Can imperfect delayed CSIT be as useful as perfect delayed CSIT? DoF analysis and constructions for the BC

In the setting of the two-user broadcast channel, where a two-antenna transmitter communicates information to two single-antenna receivers, recent work by Maddah-Ali and Tse has shown that perfect knowledge of delayed channel state information at the transmitter (perfect delayed CSIT) can be useful, even in the absence of any knowledge of current CSIT. Similar benefits of perfect delayed CSIT were revealed in recent work by Kobayashi et al., Yang et al., and Gou and Jafar, which extended the above to the case of perfect delayed CSIT and imperfect current CSIT. Motivated by the difficulty of communicating CSIT over feedback channels with limited capacity and limited reliability, the work here considers the general problem of communicating, over the aforementioned broadcast channel, with imperfect delayed and imperfect current CSIT, and reveals that even substantially degraded and imperfect delayed-CSIT is in fact sufficient to achieve the aforementioned gains previously associated to perfect delayed CSIT. The work proposes novel multiphase broadcasting schemes that properly utilize knowledge of imperfect delayed and imperfect current CSIT, to match in many cases the optimal degrees-of-freedom (DoF) region achieved with perfect delayed CSIT. In addition to the theoretical limits and explicitly constructed precoders, the work applies towards gaining practical insight as to when it is worth improving CSIT quality.