A memetic algorithm for optimizing high-inclination multiple gravity-assist orbits

A large normal displacement relative to the ecliptic is necessary for mitigating the effect of the zodiacal dust cloud on space telescopes. In this paper, a memetic algorithm is used to optimize flyby paths using multiple gravity-assisted maneuvers near Earth (E) and Venus (V), which are used for reaching Jupiter (J), where the inclination is increased. The global search for optimal trajectories with minimal energy requirements and short transfer times to the highly-inclined destination orbit is performed using a niching genetic algorithm improved by a gradient-based local optimization. The optimization yields three candidate paths: EVEJ, EVEEJ and EVVEJ.