Notice of RetractionImplementation of BRT system in developing countries as the best option in reducing emission the case study of Dart system in Dar es Salaam

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

Climate change is rapidly becoming known as a tangible issue that must be addressed to avoid major environmental consequences in the future. Recent change in public opinion has been caused by the physical signs of climate change-melting glaciers, rising sea levels, more severe storm and drought events, and hotter average global temperatures annually. Transportation is a major contributor of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gas emissions from human activity, accounting for approximately 14 percent of total anthropogenic emissions globally. Fortunately, transportation technologies and strategies are emerging that can help to meet the climate challenge. These include automotive and fuel technologies, Implementation of Bus Rapid Transit - BRT, and mobility management strategies that can reduce the demand for private vehicles. It can be concluded from this study that the introduction of a BRT system in Dar es Salaam has numerous evident gains in terms of improving the current public transport supply. Nevertheless, some shortcomings have been identified that limit the contribution of the system in its endeavor towards creating a sustainable urban mobility system in the city. These shortcomings are the inequitable distribution of services across population groups; the need to limit the growth in the number of cars; the lack of involvement of the current public transport operators in the planning process and the heedless handling of their fates. Targeting enriching the planning of the proposed system.