High voltage subnanosecond dielectric breakdown

Summary form only given, as follows. Present day ultra-wideband (UWB) radiation sources a produce Megavolt pulses at 100´s of picosecond (ps) risetimes. Empirical data on the breakdown characteristics for dielectric media at these short time lengths and high voltages are either extremely limited or non-existent. In support of the design of these UWB sources, we are investigating the breakdown characteristics, at these voltages and time lengths, of several liquids and gases. These include air, N/sub 2/, H/sub 2/, He, SF/sub 6/, and transformer oil. The two voltage sources used in the experiments are capable of delivering 400 and 700 kV with a 400 ps risetime into an open load. These pulses are applied to the test gap area, capable of housing various gases and liquids at pressures from less than 1 to 150 atm. An empirical relationship of E-field versus breakdown time for the observed dielectrics is presented. Several other breakdown phenomena at these fast risetimes are observed. Dielectric breakdown strength dependence on polarity is investigated. Streak camera images of arc formation are captured, providing information on gap closure velocity. Also observed is the effect of ultraviolet radiation on the statistical lag time of breakdown for gas dielectrics at various pressures.