Notice of RetractionEmpirical study on impacts of trade liberalization and economic growth on environmental pollution

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

This paper uses panel data on China´s 30 provinces during 1995–2008 to examine trade liberalization´s and economic growth´s influence on the environment. There are three respects mainly to be considered in the analysis progress, which are scale effect, composition effect and technique effect. The study tells us: At first, the relationship between per capita income and industrial emissions is significant positive, in another words, Environmental Kuznets Curve consists with the situation in China. Secondly, capital-to-labor ratios and industrial emissions share a negative relation in China. Thirdly, trade has a negative impact to the environment, according to the composition effect of trade, and this point supports the “pollution haven hypothesis” very well in China. At last, in a comprehensive consideration, the total effects from trade liberalization increases the environmental deterioration.