Notice of RetractionLife-cycle energy assessment of urban residential buildings in China

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

In the context of rapid urbanization in China, urban residential buildings play an important role in the fulfillment of well-being society. Behind the gigantic demand on housings in the future decade, urban residential buildings will exert great impacts on the sustainable development of entire nation which deserves research and analysis. Based on the dichotomized energy types (emergy and operation energy), this study firstly adopts the China economic input-output benchmark of 2007 to estimate the emergy of new-built urban residential buildings. Then, with the end-use energy intensity of urban residences´ daily life, the operation energy is figured out and follows energy quantification for building end-of-use phase. Through the complete life-cycle energy consumptions of urban residential buildings, it can be seen that operation energy accounts for 76.5% of total energy use; the energy consumption of construction and end-of-life phases are close whose proportion is approximate 1%; life-cycle energy depends heavily on coal and electricity.