Notice of RetractionCo-integration analysis of higher education and economic growth in Shandong

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

This paper takes Shandong province for example by using empirical means of Augment Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test, co-integration test, Granger causality test and error correction model test, etc. The result of test indicates there is some sort of relationship between education and economic growth in Shandong. The economic growth results in the expansion of scale of higher education and the increase of financial input of Shandong; meanwhile, the increased investment on higher education and fixed assets investment by the government promote the economic growth. But the scale of higher education in Shandong Province does not result in the economic growth.