A stage-4 heterogeneous network model in WSNs

We confer a four stage heterogeneous energy efficient network model to defines the stage-one, stage-two, stage-three, and stage-four, heterogeneity, in this work. We consider a stable election protocol (SEP) to estimate the network lifetime and accordingly call its implementations as HSEP-1, HSEP-2, HSEP-3, and HSEP-4. The HSEP-1 is the original SEP protocol in which the network contains the same energy for all nodes. The HSEP-2, HSEP-3, and HSEP-4, contain two, three, and four stage of energy, respectively. Increasing the stage of energy, the network lifetime increases considerably. The HSEP-2, HSEP-3 and HSEP-4 increase the network lifetime by 49.42%, 110.29%, and 248.64% corresponding to the increase in the network energy by 38.58%, 72.58%, and 169.40% with respect to the HSEP-1.