Synchronous techniques for timing recovery in BISDN

Several different methods for timing recovery in a synchronous network environment are discussed. The fundamental concept, implementation, and performance of three synchronous techniques, namely synchronous frequency encoding technique (SFET), time stamp (TS), and synchronous residual time stamp (SRTS), are discussed. Among these methods, it is concluded that the SRTS method is the most efficient. It is observed that a strong analogy can be drawn between SRTS and conventional pulse stuffing synchronization techniques. Based on the analogy, it is shown that the jitter performance for SRTS is comparable to that of the circuit-switched network