Biomechanical analysis and muscle tension estimation of the lower extremities using EMG data

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) rowing is a whole-body exercise in which the lower extremities are moved by electric stimulation and the upper extremities are moved voluntarily by paraplegics. The purpose of this study was to identify the kinematic factors of the lower extremities required to perform FES-rowing through the biomechanical analysis. Eighteen healthy adult men participated in this study. A mathematical model was developed to analyze the conventional rowing with or without handle and FES lower extremity extension exercise. The calculated data has the potential to be applied in the low-load and safe FES rowing exercise for the paraplegics.