Notice of RetractionEducation background of Top Management Teams and the organizational performance of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises: Based on upper echolons theory

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

Taking 200 Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) listed in Shenzhen Securities Exchanges as samples, this paper analyzed the situation of education backgroud of Top Management Teams (TMTs) by using statistical techniques. Analysis found that most of the TMTs member is in higher diploma, at least associoated degree, while the proportion of TMTs´ members who with the educational background of MBA or related courses is relatively low. The results of study also show: (1) the most chief menber´s education background of TMTs are relevant to company´s industry; (2) the relevance that the MBA backgroud of TMTs to the organizational performance is not significant.