A review of impedance-based fault location approaches for transmission lines

Taking into account market deregulation, many utilities give more and more importance in finding the accurate location of the fault expeditiously. Worldwide there are implemented two main categories of fault location approaches: impedance-based and traveling wave-based. Impedance-based fault location approaches are easier to implement and are used for a wide area of network topologies. Also, they are cheaper because they do not require special equipment with high sampling rate.