An Algorithm for Allocation of Base Stations in Inhomogeneous Cellular Environment

This paper is concerned with the distance characteristics of electromagnetic wave propagation in an urban or along an inhomogeneous random rough surface (RRS) composed of a combination of homogeneous RRSs. First, we discuss 1-ray and 2-rays models to simulate electromagnetic wave propagations in these areas by introducing amplitude modification factor α and propagation order of distance β. Second, we introduce a communication distance function to estimate wireless accessibility, and we apply the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to finding the longest communication distance as well as the largest wireless coverage. Numerical computations are carried out for four geometries of segment, triangle, tetragon and pentagon by use of the PSO method. Numerical computations are also carried out for generation of inhomogeneous triangular cells in relation to the optimal allocation of nodes for a sensor network or of base stations of a cellular phone system.