Author_Institution :
Inst. of Hydrogeology & Environ. Geol., Chinese Acad. of Geol. Sci., Shijiazhuang, China
Abstract :
The groundwater quality is deteriorating due to various point and non-point source pollution. This study was conducted to determine which factors play significant roles in the hydrochemistry of groundwater. Twenty-eight hydrochemical variables were considered in 241 samples collected from the Luoyang city. The Box-whisker plots were drawn to evaluate spatial distribution of hydrochemical variable. Two fuzzy multivariate statistical methods, fuzzy ISODATA cluster analysis (FICA) and Factor analysis (FA), were applied to assess the factors responsible for the hydrochemical composition of the groundwater. Four pollution sources were identified representing anthropogenic activities, processing manufacturing industries, bedrock weathering, and energy enterprise/ancient vestige, respectively. The relative pollution contributions rate of the four pollution sources were 20.291% for anthropogenic activities emission, 14.324% for processing manufacturing industries emission, 5.831% for bedrock weathering sources, and 4.392% for energy enterprise/ancient vestige source. Meantime, the pollution contribution rates of pollution source to each sample point also had been calculated. The higher concentration of heavy metals such as Cu and Cd was attributed to the processing manufacturing industries; the NH3-N, NO3, and Cl concentration were higher due to anthropogenic activities, the pollution scope of above chemical variables have been reached the entire Luoyang city. The results indicated that: regarding the groundwater pollution prevention of Luoyang city, reduction of the domestic sewage emission and chemical fertilizer consumption, and relocation of industries with heavy pollution were effective ways to control groundwater pollution; regarding the sample point, concrete pollution prevention measures were provided for different sample points according to its primary pollution source. The fuzzy multivariate statistical method has shown to be a practical, si- ple and useful tool to assess and prevent groundwater pollution.
Keywords :
geochemistry; groundwater; statistical analysis; water pollution control; water quality; water resources; CI; China; Luoyang city; NH3-N; NO3; ancient vestige; anthropogenic activities; bedrock weathering; box-whisker plots; chemical fertilizer consumption; domestic sewage emission; energy enterprise; factor analysis; fuzzy ISODATA cluster analysis; fuzzy multivariate statistical methods; groundwater pollution prevention; groundwater quality; hydrochemical composition; hydrochemical variables; hydrochemistry; nonpoint source pollution; pollution contribution rates; primary pollution source; processing manufacturing industries; sample point; sample points; spatial distribution; Chemicals; Cities and towns; Copper; Environmentally friendly manufacturing techniques; Rivers; Water pollution; factor; fuzzy multivariate statistical; groundwater; hydrochemistry; pollution;
