A Framework of Multiplicative Spread Spectrum Embedding for Data Hiding: Performance, Decoder and Signature Design

In this paper, we have investigated several aspects of multiplicative spread spectrum (MSS) embedding for Data Hiding. First, we analyze the probability of error of the maximum likelihood (ML) decoder of MSS and show that MSS yields a better decoding performance than that of the additive SS embedding. Further, to reduce the required information at the receiver, an alternative method for MSS is proposed and both the ML and MMSE decoders are derived. To further reduce the probability of error in decoding, we propose an approximately optimum signature code design. Simulation results show the superiority of multiplicative MSS and demonstrate enhanced performances when using the proposed signature code.