Increasing the likelihood of large-scale grid-enabled vehicle (GEV) penetration through appropriate design choices

The likelihood of widespread GEV adoption will be determined by pending vehicle, business model and policy design choices. Most designs to date have not made large-scale adoption a central design goal We review the impacts of maximum charging rate, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and vehicle-to-building (V2B) capabilities, and the charging business model on consumer acceptance and on the electric distribution, electric power, and overall energy systems. The analysis suggests that poor design choices can lead to significant increased cost and decreased consumer adoption. Competing technologies, such as high efficiency internal combustion engines (ICEs) and biofuels, increase the importance of GEV design choices.