FNS application for restoring function in stroke patients

Five subjects with stroke or head injury were fitted with a multichannel functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) system to provide motion to their paralyzed legs. The subjects were implanted with percutaneous electrodes. Initial electrode placement was based on the individual´s gait deficit. The electrode system was then updated with additional electrodes as needed according to the results of gain analysis. Four of five subjects improved their ambulatory functional level. In each subject kinematics were generally improved, with improved gait symmetry, less foot drop, less circuition of the involved leg, and less vaulting on the normal side. Increases in nonstimulated ability, such as independent limb motion and balance, were observed in some patients. One patient showed a slight reduction in walking speed with stimulation