Upconversion Nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy

In order to establish a noninvasive cancer therapy with minimal side effects, low cost, and specific in targeting tumor cells. The team engineered novel and biocompatible Upconversion Nanoparticles (UCNPs) with a calcium fluoride shell α-NaYF4:Yb, Er@CaF2 and conjugated with an FDA approved prodrug 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA). In conjunction with photodynamic therapy (PDT), deep tissue penetration was achieved. UCNPs convert near-infrared light into visible light when excited at ~980nm. Emission of the red light from the UCNPs activate the photosensitizer protoporphyrin (PpIX), causing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing the death of targeted tumor.