Abstract :
It is assumed that the possible peaks on the largest vertical extremely neighbouring electric fields, of 1.5 m - 2.0 m vertically from the flat ground, around large vertical lightning return strokes to the flat ground 10/350 μs and 1/200 μs are approximately in accordance with the numerically calculated peaks on the vertical extremely neighbouring electric fields, without taking into account the effect in the “rises on potential in surfaces of the flat ground around lightning points” based on the electric fields owing to conductive current density within soil under the flat ground, around (10 m - 50 m horizontally from channels of large vertical lightning return strokes to the flat ground and 1.5 m - 2.0 m vertically from the flat ground) “large vertical lightning return strokes to the flat ground 10/350 μs 200 kA in peaks and 1/200 μs 100 kA in peaks on length of channels 2600 m and pulse grounding resistance of concentrated constant in lightning points 200 Ω, 600 Ω and 1800 Ω”, respectively. In the numerical calculation of the peaks, the effect on the shields owing to “grounded large objects, raindrops, fogs and mists et al. between the sources on vertical extremely neighbouring electric fields around large vertical lightning return strokes to the flat ground 10/350 μs 200 kA in peaks and 1/200 μs 100 kA in peaks and the evaluation points” is neglected. The “possible levels on the harm at tops of brains owing to the maximum pulse energy density within brains induced by exposure of standing upright persons on the flat ground to the largest vertical extremely neighbouring electric fields around large vertical lightning return strokes to the flat ground 10/350 μs and 1/200 μs” are approximately clarified as follows.- The "Level 1 injuries at tops of brains represented by the great pain within wrists" owing to "the ma- imum pulse energy density at tops of brains induced by exposure of standing upright persons on the flat ground to the largest vertical extremely neighbouring electric fields around large vertical lightning return strokes to the flat ground 10/350,.s and 1/200 ,.s" aren\´t expected to be caused. -The "Level 2 injuries at tops of brains represented by the pain within wrists" and "Level 3 incidents at tops of brains represented by the no perception within wrists" owing to "the maximum pulse energy density at tops of brains induced by exposure of standing upright persons on the flat ground to the largest vertical extremely neighbouring electric fields around large vertical lightning return strokes to the flat ground 10/350 ,.s and 11200 ,.s" are expected to be caused. Based on result of the studies relating to this studies, the "Level 4 disturbance of neural activity on nervous system at tops of brines" and "Level 5 stimulation of axons on nervous system at tops of brines" owing to "the maximum pulse conductive current density at tops of brains induced by exposure of standing upright persons on the flat ground to the largest vertical neighbouring electric fields around large vertical lightning return strokes to the flat ground" are expected to be certainly caused. If the persons (standing upright, sitting and lying persons et al.), with the extremely large field enhancement factors on the exposed extremely neighbouring electric fields around large lightning return strokes to the earth widely on upper surfaces of skulls k, on enough high grounded large objects (enough high grounded large structures, grounded large products, mountains, cliffs, hills and large rocks et al.) are exposed by the extremely neighbouring electric fields around the large lightning return strokes, the more serious injuries widely on the upper surfaces in the brains in the persons on the enough high grounded large objects can be expected to be caused. The establishment of criterions and performanc
Keywords :
bioelectric phenomena; biological effects of fields; bone; brain; cellular biophysics; earthing; electric properties; electric shocks; injuries; lightning; neurophysiology; numerical analysis; physiological models; rain; rocks; soil; somatosensory phenomena; brain maximum pulse energy density; channel length; cliff effect; distance 1.5 m to 2.0 m; distance 10 m to 50 m; epidemiological investigation; evaluation point; field enhancement factor; flat ground surface potential rise effect; fog effect; grounded large object effect; grounded large product; high grounded large object; high grounded large structure; hill effect; injury level; large rock effect; level 1 injury; level 2 injuries; level 3 incident; level 4 neural activity disturbance; level 5 axon stimulation; lightning point pulse grounding resistance; lying person exposure; maximum pulse conductive current density; mist effect; mountain effect; neighbouring electric field exposure regulation; nervous system; no wrist perception; numerical peak calculation; occurrence frequency; physical restriction; raindrop effect; resistance 200 ohm; resistance 600 ohm; resistance 800 ohm; safety criterion; shield effect; sitting person exposure; size 2600 m; standing upright person exposure; to the flat ground 10/350 μs and 1/200 μs; upper brain surface injuy; upper skull surface; vertical extremely neighbouring electric field exposure; vertical lightning return stroke; warning notice; wrist pain; Conductivity; Earth; Electric fields; Extrapolation; Lightning; Physiology; Safety; brains of persons; conductivity; criterions of safety side; dosimetry; extremely neighbouring electric fields; field enhancement factors; harm; injuries; lightning return strokes to the earth 10/350 µs, 1/200 µs and 0.25/100 µs; physiological reaction (great pain, pain and no perception) of persons; pulse conductive current density; pulse electric shocks of persons; pulse energy density;