Analysis of international approaches to integrate electric vehicles into energy market

The worldwide launch of electric vehicles (EV) requires new approaches of market integration. At present several projects are performed investigating the vehicle-to-grid concept in terms of technical and economic feasibility. Numerous papers in the field of electric vehicle integration exist in national and international research community. It is difficult to compare the contents of these papers because of the different energy supply system and energy markets. Therefore this paper analyses and compares various approaches to integrate EVs into the energy market. The analysis includes worldwide scientific results. This examination results in a qualitative as well as a quantitative evaluation of vehicle-to-grid concepts. The results support two targets. First, the evaluation is used to identify the most feasible business case in terms of technical and economic market integration of EVs. And second, the business case is adapted to the German energy supply system and energy market. A detailed description of the German business to integrate EVs is given. Thereby this paper lists and explains the requirements to launch EVs successfully.