Intelligent localisation of signals using the signal wavefronts: A review

This paper reviews the use of Artificial Neural Networks in lightning related problems, and especially in locating the lightning using a signal sensor with a three element antenna and signal processor. A model to correctly represent both lighting return stroke currents and the radiated lightning electromagnetic pulses (LEMP) is presented with carefully chosen damping coefficients, or frequencies, following a previous work on this. The designed lighting return stroke model is shown to clearly demonstrate the distinct patterns of the LEMP at different distances. This model is used as a test bed to demonstrate the intelligent tracking three element antenna (using inverse computation signal processor) that may be used with a neural network classifier to locate the distance of lightning strike from the three element antenna sensor.