Considerations on terminal antenna design and analysis

The explosion of modern wireless services has drastically increased the need for efficient electrically small antennas for the handheld terminals. However and opposite to electronic devices, efficiency in antennas is limited by fundamental physical principles. In this paper we present a short summary on the theoretical limitation of the performances of electrically small antennas, and then present some design strategies. We then explain some specific points of the numerical analysis tools suitable for electromagnetic analysis and small antenna design. Some practical design examples illustrate the presented notions.