Review of radar signal attenuation due to sand and dust storms

Radar and telecommunications operation in arid and semi-arid regions is influenced by sand and dust storms. Even though the attenuation per kilometer due to these storms is small, the long operating ranges of radar means it becomes important, especially for low altitude targets, where the majority of the path is in the dust. This work compares the available attenuation models and their applicable frequency ranges. Limitations to using some models are also indicated.