Genomics and network formation in the pharmaceutical industry

In the literature, various distinctions have been made with regard to the role of networks of R&D alliances. For instance, equity arrangements such as participation, joint ventures and R&D corporations are distinguished from contractual arrangements such as R&D contracts or R&D co-operations. Predominantly, however, single mode networks have been empirically analyzed based on single criteria such as joint projects or collaborative research agreements. The resulting networks have been discussed and analyzed as important strategic tools to absorb new developments in technology. However, within the literature not much attention is paid the processes in which they are formed. This paper focuses on the latter process. The subject area of attention is the integration of biotechnology, genomics and information technology by new startups and their collaborative behavior with existing pharmaceutical and chemical companies. The central question is which differences can be discerned in collaborative patterns