Power Delay Doppler Profile Fingerprinting for mobile localization in NLOS

For existing localization algorithms, Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) propagation introduces some problems for the determination of the mobile position. This is because most of these algorithms depend on the information extracted from the Line-of-Sight (LOS) path such as Time-of-Arrival (ToA) or Time-Difference-of-Arrival (TDoA) received by either one or more Base Stations. On the contrary, algorithms based on Power Delay Profile Fingerprinting (PDP-F) take advantage of the uniqueness of the multipath channel between the Base Station (BS) and the Mobile Station (MS) over the geographical region of interest. The fingerprinting approach as its name implies performs a matching between a simulated database quantity and its corresponding measured quantity and indicates a match based on some cost function between the two. In this paper, we introduce an extension to this approach by including the effects of the Doppler shifts of the paths which we call the method as Power Delay Doppler Profile Fingerprinting (PDDP-F). With the inclusion of this extra information, we aim to increase the localization accuracy by resolving the paths not only in delay dimension but also in Doppler dimension.