A Stochastic Model for Simulating the Availability of Electric Vehicles for Services to the Power Grid

Since private passenger cars drive on average less than 2 hours per day, each electric vehicle could potentially provide capacities for grid services during more than 22 hours per day. The presented stochastic model, which bases on more than 167,000 data points from a mobility survey, simulates the driving behavior of private passenger cars. The article estimates the availability of electric vehicles for grid balancing services using the generated profiles from a stochastic model. Three basic ("zero-intelligence") charging strategies were applied.In conclusion, more than 90% of all vehicles are parked at any given point in time. Thereof, more than 25% are parked at home at any given time. Moreover, the simulation results show the urgent need for intelligent charging strategies in order to avoid additional peak loads during the evening hours and to make the service potential of electric vehicles available to the grid.