Constitutive Relations and Scattering Characteristics of General Bi-Isotropic Objects

This paper discusses different constitutive relations of generalized circular polarization in chiral media by using Maxwell´s equations. In a chiral medium for fields with generalized circular polarizations, the Maxwell equations and constitutive relations have the same form in the achiral medium, but the equivalent material parameters differ for field with different circular polarization. Thus a wave of circular polarization (left or right) propagates with the same wave number regardless of its direction of propagation. In this paper, electromagnetic scattering characteristics by general bi-isotropic objects are investigated based on the surface integral equations. By applying the surface equivalent principle, electromagnetic fields inside a homogeneous bi-isotropic region can be represented in terms of equivalent electric and magnetic currents distributed over its boundary surface.