Future performance challenges in nanometer design

We highlight several fundamental challenges to designing high-performance integrated circuits in nanometer-scale technologies (i.e. drawn feature sizes <100 nm). Dynamic power scaling trends lead to major packaging problems. To alleviate these concerns, thermal monitoring and feedback mechanisms can limit worst-case dissipation and reduce costs. Furthermore, a flexible multi-V_dd+multi-V_th+re-sizing approach is advocated to leverage the inherent properties of ultrasmall MOSFETs and limit both dynamic and static power. Alternative global signaling strategies such as differential and low-swing drivers are recommended in order to curb the power requirements of cross-chip communication. Finally, potential power delivery challenges are addressed with respect to ITRS packaging predictions.