Creating 3D virtual heads from video sequences: a recursive approach by combining EKF and DFFD

An automatic system for creating a virtual head that is compatible with MPEG-4 facial object specification is presented. Color classification and a valley detection filter are performed to find face and facial definition points (FDPs) at the initialization stage. Extracted FDPs are tracked by normalized correlation and their trajectories are fed into an extended Kalman filter (EKF) to recover camera geometry, facial orientation, and depth of selected FDPs. Based on a recovered point-wise 3D structure, Dirichlet free-form deformations (DFFD) is applied to deform a generic 3D model. Once a virtual head is created, the head can be used to track FDPs for large out-of-plane rotations and to update the head model continuously based on refined depth information. A complete texture map is created by mixing frontal and rotated faces based on the recovered face orientation