Presentation attack detection methods for fingerprint recognition systems: a survey

Nowadays, fingerprint biometrics is widely used in various applications, varying from forensic investigations and migration control to access control as regards security sensitive environments. Any biometric system is potentially vulnerable against a fake biometric characteristic, and spoofing of fingerprint systems is one of the most widely researched areas. The state-of-the-art sensors can often be spoofed by an accurate imitation of the ridge/valley structure of a fingerprint. An individual may also try to avoid identification by altering his own fingerprint pattern. This study is a survey of presentation attack detection methods for fingerprints, both in terms of liveness detection and alteration detection.