Anisotropic properties of non-oriented steel sheets

Even the so-called non-oriented steels used in electrical engineering reveal anisotropy of their magnetic properties. Anisotropy may have a substantial impact on the performance of magnetic circuits; therefore it is necessary to take this phenomenon into account already at the design stage. A simple formula useful for the description of magnetisation curves in two principal directions is proposed. The B(H) dependencies for other directions are determined using a model based on coenergy concept. The worst magnetic properties are obtained for the samples cut at approximately 60 degrees. The presented description may be useful for prediction of rotational loss in ferromagnetic sheets used as core material in electric machines.