Microwave-Based Noninvasive Concentration Measurements for Biomedical Applications

Author

Hofmann, Martin ; Fischer, Georg ; Weigel, Robert ; Kissinger, Dietmar

Author_Institution

Inst. for Electron. Eng., Univ. of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany

Volume

61

Issue

5

fYear

2013

fDate

41395

Firstpage

2195

Lastpage

2204

Abstract

A Debye relaxation model for the permittivity of aqueous glucose solution is given up to 40 GHz. Measurements of aqueous solutions are compared with invasive measurements on over 40 blood samples. Reflection- and transmission-based techniques are explained, concerning the application in biomedical concentration measurements. Wideband measurements on different sensing structures are introduced. Reflection- and transmission-based sensors are applied to a six-port reflectometer, as well as a homodyne vector network analyzer.

Keywords

biomedical equipment; biomedical measurement; blood; chemical variables measurement; microwave measurement; network analysers; permittivity; reflectometers; sugar; Debye relaxation model; aqueous glucose solution permittivity; aqueous solution measurement; biomedical applications; biomedical concentration measurements; blood sample; frequency 40 GHz; homodyne vector network analyzer; microwave-based noninvasive concentration measurements; reflection-based sensors; reflection-based techniques; sensing structures; six-port reflectometer; transmission-based sensors; transmission-based techniques; wideband measurements; Biomedical measurement; Blood; Microwave measurements; Permittivity; Permittivity measurement; Probes; Sugar; Blood sugar; dielectric measurements; glucose; network analyzer; noninvasive; reflectometer;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

0018-9480

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/TMTT.2013.2250516

Filename

6480899