Title :
Segmentation-Based Image Copy-Move Forgery Detection Scheme
Author :
Jian Li ; Xiaolong Li ; Bin Yang ; Xingming Sun
Author_Institution :
Jiangsu Eng. Center of Network Monitoring, Nanjing Univ. of Inf. Sci. & Technol., Nanjing, China
Abstract :
In this paper, we propose a scheme to detect the copy-move forgery in an image, mainly by extracting the keypoints for comparison. The main difference to the traditional methods is that the proposed scheme first segments the test image into semantically independent patches prior to keypoint extraction. As a result, the copy-move regions can be detected by matching between these patches. The matching process consists of two stages. In the first stage, we find the suspicious pairs of patches that may contain copy-move forgery regions, and we roughly estimate an affine transform matrix. In the second stage, an Expectation-Maximization-based algorithm is designed to refine the estimated matrix and to confirm the existence of copy-move forgery. Experimental results prove the good performance of the proposed scheme via comparing it with the state-of-the-art schemes on the public databases.
Keywords :
affine transforms; expectation-maximisation algorithm; image matching; image segmentation; matrix algebra; affine transform matrix; copy-move forgery detection; copy-move region detection; expectation-maximization-based algorithm; keypoint extraction; matrix estimation; patch matching process; public databases; suspicious pairs; Accuracy; Educational institutions; Estimation; Forgery; Image segmentation; Robustness; Transforms; Copy-move forgery detection; image forensics; segmentation;
Journal_Title :
Information Forensics and Security, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TIFS.2014.2381872