Self-Heterodyne Spectrometer Using Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photodiodes for Terahertz-Wave Generators and Optoelectronic Mixers

We demonstrate a self-heterodyne terahertz (THz) frequency-domain spectrometer in which commercially available uni-traveling-carrier photodiodes (UTC-PDs) are used as opticalto-electrical (O/E) converter and optoelectronic mixer (OEM). The optical intensity beat generated by mixing two frequency-detuned free-running 1.55 μm laser diodes (LDs) is used as a source for the photomixing at the O/E converter, and as an optical local oscillator (LO) signal for the OEM. The frequency of the optical LO signal is coherently shifted with an electrooptic frequency shifter so that the heterodyne detection is realized using free-running LDs for the beat source. We investigate the sensitivity characteristics of the spectrometer as functions of diode bias voltage and optical LO level. The maximum signal-to-noise ratio of 47 dB for the RF power of -16 dBm is achieved at 300 GHz with the lock-in time constant of 23.4 ms. The standard deviation of the phase measurement is 0.73°, where the amplitude noise limited standard deviation is 0.25°. We measure the system response ranging from 200 to 1450 GHz and find that it fits well the response which is calculated using the frequency characteristics of the output power of the UTC-PDs. Our results show that UTC-PDs are promising candidates not only for the high-power terahertz wave generator, but also for the wideband THz-OEM. Integration of UTC-PDs with free-running LDs on the same substrate with the same process steps would significantly reduce the cost and size of the present spectrometer.