A Discrete-Time Direct Torque Control for Direct-Drive PMSG-Based Wind Energy Conversion Systems

This paper proposes a novel flux-space-vector-based direct torque control (DTC) scheme for permanent-magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) used in variable-speed direct-drive wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). The discrete-time control law, which is derived from the perspective of flux space vectors and load angle, predicts the desired stator flux vector for the next time-step with the torque and stator flux information only. The space vector modulation (SVM) is then employed to generate the reference voltage vector, leading to a fixed switching frequency, as well as lower flux and torque ripples, when compared to the conventional DTC. Compared with other SVM-based DTC methods in the literature, the proposed DTC scheme eliminates the use of proportional-integral regulators and is less dependent on machine parameters, e.g., stator inductances and permanent-magnet flux linkage, while the main advantages of the DTC, e.g., fast dynamic response and no need of coordinate transform, are preserved. The proposed DTC scheme is applicable for both nonsalient-pole and salient-pole PMSGs. The overall control scheme is simple to implement and is robust to parameter uncertainties and variations of the PMSGs. The effectiveness of the proposed discrete-time DTC scheme is verified by simulation and experimental results on a 180-W salient-pole PMSG and a 2.4-kW nonsalient-pole PMSG used in variable-speed direct-drive WECSs.