A 4 × 4 multiplier-divider-less K-best MIMO decoder up to 2.7 Gbps

This paper proposes a hardware architecture of K-best-based 4 × 4 MIMO decoder that supports up to 256-QAM. The novelties such as Direct Expansion, and 2D Sorter play important roles on reducing the complexity of the decoder. In addition, the most complex operators such as divider and multiplier are eliminated in this design. As compared to the previous works, the proposed decoder achieves the highest throughput (up to 2.7 Gbps), consumes the least power (56 mW), and obtains the best hardware efficiency(15.2 Mbps/Kgate).