Channel modeling based on ultra-wide bandwidth(UWB) radar in soil environment with different pH values

The measurement of soil properties on site-specific basis is desired for modern production precision agriculture. In this paper, we investigate in the soil channel modeling based on extensive data, which are obtained using a UWB monostatic radar module. Extensive data are collected in different soil with distinct pH values and the channel impulse responses (CIRs) are extracted via CLEAN algorithm. The maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) is applied to estimate the parameters of statistical distribution models for both amplitudes and time delays. The log-logistic model best characterizes the amplitudes and multipath time delays compared to the log-normal and inverse Gaussian distributions. Generalized extreme value is the optimum statistical distribution model for the time delay of clusters.