Phase-spacing optimization of linear microstrip antenna arrays by EM-based superposition models

A technique for simulation-driven optimization of phase excitation tapers and spacings for linear arrays of microstrip antennas is presented. It exploits two models of the array under design: an array factor-based model and a simulation-based surrogate model. The former produces an initial design. The latter is used for tuning of the array radiation response as well as for validation of the final design. The simulation-based model is constructed as a superposition of simulated responses of the array under design. Low computational costs are ensured by coarse-mesh simulations. Suitable correction is carried out with respect to the high-fidelity array model. This correction is iteratively performed in the optimization process. Our technique is demonstrated with radiation response synthesis of linear arrays comprising thirty two microstrip patch antennas by phase-spacing optimization.