Simplified GPS tracking loops simulation with analytical expressions for the integrate and dump stages

Evaluation of tracking loop performance in a GPS receiver is often needed for in depth analysis of dynamic stress and noise influence on navigation. In this paper we suggest an analytical approach for evaluating the output of an Integrate & Dump (I&D) stage, which is performed by all GPS receivers. This allows us to achieve fast and accurate simulation of phase, frequency and delay tracking within the receiver. The suggested approach simplifies the simulation of these tracking stages, as the computationally intensive stage of I&D is being replaced by analytical expressions.