Variable step-size normalized adaptive direct position determination by alternate iteration

The adaptive direct position determination (ADPD) algorithm provides an effective method to determine the emitter position directly. However, the algorithm has the dilemma of fast convergence rate or low steady-state mean-square error since the fixed step-sizes are used. In this paper, the variable step-size normalization scheme and alternate iteration scheme are jointly applied in the adaptive direct position determination algorithm. The improvements of the proposed algorithm in complex scenarios are verified through simulations.