Vehicle-controlled collision avoidance

Vehicle-controlled collision avoidance (VCCA) is simpler to implement and fast responding as compared to infra-structure controlled systems. With recent developments of lightwave communication for ITS, there is sufficiently fast and reliable data communication between vehicles to make VCCA efficient and workable. Three modes of VCCA were investigated. Mode 1: Independently controlled vehicles Mode 2: Cooperatively controlled vehicles Mode 3: Coordinately controlled vehicles In each mode, the vehicles do their best to avoid collision or, to minimize a loss function L(k), where k indicates the control mode. With Mode 1, each vehicle makes its own decision. With Mode 2, the vehicles agree on a strategy, and each vehicle does its best to carry out the common strategy. With Mode 3, one selected vehicle makes all control decisions. It can be shown mathematically that L(1) ≥ L(2) ≥ L(3). Examples of collision avoidance are given to illustrate the above concept.