Space-time vector delta-sigma modulation

Classical delta-sigma modulation gains resolution through temporal oversampling by using a high-speed, low-resolution quantizer and shaping the resulting quantization errors out of the signal band. Likewise, spatial delta-sigma modulation is often used in image halftoning to create high-visual-quality binary images. We consider combining spatial and temporal delta-sigma modulation to reduce temporal oversampling requirements in high-SNR antenna transmit arrays using simple high-power switches as the output amplifiers. We introduce a vector delta-sigma architecture that allows noise shaping jointly in both temporal and spatial frequency. The two-dimensional pseudo-shift-invariant delta-sigma architecture commonly used for image halftoning is realized as a special case, and we consider when such a simplified model may be appropriate.