In-vitro and in-vivo techniques to measure the dielectric constant of biological tissues at microwave frequencies

This paper presents the revised techniques used both in in-vitro and in-vivo measurement of dielectric constant of biological tissues. The in-vitro technique introduces a revised perturbation technique through a RW cavity while the in-vivo measurement is implemented by a revised coaxial monopole antenna used in microwave coagulation therapy of liver cancer- PMCT probe. Both the advantages and disadvantages of these two methods are compared. All the experiments are carried out at S-band covering the medical microwave frequency. The future direction of the measurement work and the possible application of this technique are introduced also.