Electrocardiographic imaging: evaluating its ability to locate and resolve pacing sites noninvasively

The goal of this work is to demonstrate the ability of electrocardiographic imaging to identify and locate ventricular epicardial pacing sites. Using a dog heart suspended in an electrolytic torso tank, epicardial sites were paced, simulating an ectopic focus. The inverse problem was solved using the measured torso potential data, and the results were evaluated with respect to the measured epicardial data. Pacing sites were located to within one electrode position (1.5 cm), and two sites paced simultaneously were resolved to 2.5 cm