A metamaterial with an isotropic response

The behavior and the excitation of negative polarizabilities by planar resonators are explained using simple analytical models. Particular single negative resonators showing negative electric or negative magnetic polarizability are introduced, namely: an electric dipole terminated by an inductor, a split ring resonator and a double H-shaped resonator. Several geometries of these resonators are studied. The two planar resonators are located on the two surfaces of a dielectric substrate to get an element with a double negative response. These resonant particles respond strongly anisotropically. A proper spatial arrangement of these particles with 3D periodicity can make the response isotropic. The planar resonators are simple to fabricate using technology for standard printed circuit boards. They are therefore cheap, and suitable for mass production. Measurements have confirmed the design considerations and the simulation results.