Active energy management of electric vehicles with cartographic data

The energetic behavior of electric vehicles (EVs) is significantly influenced by the characteristics of the route, in terms of, for example, environmental conditions, road grade and traffic. As such, a control strategy that actively manages the energy flows on board must take into account these aspects. This paper analyzes how road grade influences the battery discharge rate in a light electric vehicle, and how a State-of-Charge tracking policy needs to be modified to ensure the desired performance in the face of uphill and downhill parts of the route. Both simulations and experimental results are provided to support the proposed approach.