A simulation model to analyze the impact of distance and direction on golf scores

We develop a simulation model of the game of golf. The model accounts for realistic features of a golf course, including rough, sand, water, and trees, and includes many facets of golfer skill. The model is calibrated to extensive data for amateur and professional golfers. Using the calibrated simulation model we quantify the effect of increased tee shot distance and improved tee shot accuracy on golfer scores. Contrary to previous claims, we find that for long tee shots, directional accuracy has a greater impact on scores than distance.